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1 Draft
See Drawing (Spinning) ———————— The order of drawing-in the warp threads through the eyes of the healds for weaving. The general principle is that those threads that work alike are drawn on the same stave. To avoid crowding the healds, those for weaving plain fabrics, poplins, etc., often have the ends drawn on four or six heald staves. It is a feature of weaving by healds, particularly those operated by dobbies, that very large and intricate patterns can be woven on 16 staves or less. Some drafts are so simple that they are known in the trade by name as those illustrated. Straight Over, shown at SO, in which one thread only is drawn on each stave consecutively from front to back. Skip Shaft, shown at SS, in which the threads are drawn on four staves instead of two, staves 1 and 2, and 3 and 4, being tied together to permit their operation by plain weave tappets. Point Draft, shown at P, where the first part of the draft is straight over from front to back and then returns from back to front. Double Point Draft, shown at DP, where the draft is straight over twice and from back to front twice. Broken Drafts are those not capable of being reduced to any simple regular order. See also Design, Draft and Lifting Plan.
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A fine, all-wool, warp ribbed cloth; used in churches during the 18th and 19th century on the Continent. -
2 High Draft
The term "High Draft" came into prominence in 1913 with the appearance in Spain of the Casablancas mechanism for drafting in cotton spinning. This mechanism, owing to an increased and improved control over the fibres, was capable of drafts about four times higher than the normal. The new method was called " high draft " to distinguish it from the existing method which only gave usual or " low " drafts. Since 1913 many other high draft systems have been introduced, all aiming at controlling the fibres - particularly the shorter ones - as much and as adequately as possible. The utilisation of these improved methods of fibre control has other important advantages besides the saving in machinery and labour accruing from the higher drafts performed. The strength of the yarn is generally increased and its appearance improved. A good high draft system will also spin finer counts from a given cotton, or a standard quality of yarn from a lower and cheaper cotton. The adoption of the high drafting principle has been an important feature in the progress of cotton spinning machinery in recent years, and - almost without exception - new machines are now supplied by all textile machinists with high drafting on. -
3 Casablancas, Fernando
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. 1912 Spain[br]Spanish inventor of the first of the high-draft cotton-spinning systems.[br]In 1912, Casablancas took out three patents in Britain. The first of these was for putting false twist into textile fibres during the drawing part of spinning. In his next we can find the origins of his interest in his high-draft system, for it contains intermediate sectors or rollers between the usual drawing rollers. It was not until the third patent that there appeared the basis of the modern system with endless inextensible strips of material passing round the rollers to help support the fibres. His first system was for spinning fibres of medium length, giving a much greater draft. This consisted of two aprons around the middle pair of drafting rollers which reached almost to the front ones. The aprons lightly pressed the fibres together in the drafting zone and yet allowed the more-quickly rotating front rollers to pull fibres out of the aprons quite easily. This enabled slivers or rovings to be reduced in thickness more quickly and evenly. In 1913, a further patent showed a development of the apron system where guides made the aprons move in an "S" pattern. Then in 1914 a patent illustrated something similar to the modern layout, while two further patents in the following year contained slightly different layouts. His system was soon applied to both ring frames and the mule, and while it was first applied to cotton, it soon spread to worsted. High-draft spinning was also envisaged by Casablancas and he took out a further patent in 1920 to obtain drafts in a ratio of several hundreds. His principles are used today on some of the most recent open-end spinning frames.[br]Bibliography1912, British patent no. 11,376 (textile fibres with false twist). 1912, British patent no. 11,783.1912. British patent no. 12,477.1913. British patent no. 11,613.1914. British patent no. 19,372 1915. British patent no. 3,366.1915, British patent no. 14,228.Further ReadingC.Singer (ed.), 1978, A History of Technology, Vol. 6, Oxford: Clarendon Press (mentions his spinning methods).RLH -
4 фільєрна витяжка
jet draft, spinning draft, drawdown, jet-stretching -
5 фильерная вытяжка
jet draft, spinning draft, drawdown текст., jet-stretchingРусско-английский политехнический словарь > фильерная вытяжка
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6 прибор сверхвысокой вытяжки
Textile: superhigh-draft spinning systemУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > прибор сверхвысокой вытяжки
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7 прибор экстравысокой вытяжки
Textile: superhigh-draft spinning systemУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > прибор экстравысокой вытяжки
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8 прядение с высокой вытяжкой
Textile: long draft spinningУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > прядение с высокой вытяжкой
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9 прядильная машина высокой вытяжки
Textile: high-draft spinning frameУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > прядильная машина высокой вытяжки
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10 система прядения с сверхвысокой вытяжкой
Textile: superhigh-draft spinning systemУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > система прядения с сверхвысокой вытяжкой
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11 система прядения с экстравысокой вытяжкой
Textile: superhigh-draft spinning systemУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > система прядения с экстравысокой вытяжкой
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12 прядение с высокой вытяжкой
Русско-английский текстильный словарь > прядение с высокой вытяжкой
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13 вытяжка на прядильной машине
Русско-английский словарь по химии > вытяжка на прядильной машине
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14 вытяжка на прядильной машине
Русско-английский текстильный словарь > вытяжка на прядильной машине
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15 girar
v.1 to turn (dar vueltas).girar la cabeza to turn one's headEl auto gira The car turns=veers.El aparato gira la rueda The machine turns the wheel.Las ruedas giran sobre el eje The wheels turn on the axis.2 to turn.el camino gira a la derecha the road turns to the right3 to remit payment (commerce).4 to draw (commerce).La tienda giró un cheque The store drew a check.5 to transfer (money).* * *1 (dar vueltas) to rotate, whirl, spin2 (torcer) to turn4 COMERCIO to have a turnover1 COMERCIO to issue2 (cambiar de sentido) to turn, turn around\girar en descubierto COMERCIO to overdraw* * *verb2) rotate3) swing around* * *1. VT1) (=dar vueltas a) [+ llave, manivela, volante] to turn; [+ peonza, hélice, ruleta] to spin2) (Com) [+ dinero, facturas] to send; [+ letra, cheque] [gen] to draw; [a una persona concreta] to issue2. VI1) (=dar vueltas) [noria, rueda] to go (a)round, turn, revolve; [disco] to revolve, go (a)round; [planeta] to rotate; [hélice] to go (a)round, rotate, turn; [peonza] to spingira a 1600rpm — it revolves o goes (a)round at 1600rpm
la tierra gira alrededor del sol — the earth revolves around o goes (a)round the sun
el satélite gira alrededor de la tierra — the satellite circles o goes (a)round the earth
2) (=cambiar de dirección) to turn (a)roundhacer girar — [+ llave] to turn; [+ sillón] to turn (a)round
3) (=torcer) [vehículo] to turn; [camino] to turn, bendgirar a la derecha/izquierda — to turn right/left
el camino gira a la derecha varios metros más allá — the path turns o bends to the right a few metres further on
el partido ha girado a la izquierda en los últimos años — the party has moved o shifted to the left in recent years
4)girar alrededor de o sobre o en torno a — [+ tema, ideas] to revolve around, centre around, center around (EEUU); [+ líder, centro de atención] to revolve around
la conversación giraba en torno a las elecciones — the conversation revolved o centred around the election
su última obra gira en torno al tema del amor cortés — his latest work revolves around the subject of courtly love
el número de asistentes giraba alrededor de 500 personas — there were about 500 people in the audience
5)girar en descubierto — (Com, Econ) to overdraw
6) (=negociar) to operate, do business3.See:* * *1.verbo intransitivo1)b) ( darse la vuelta) to turnc)girar en torno a algo — conversación/debate to revolve o center* around something; discurso to center* o focus on something
2) (torcer, desviarse) to turn2.girar vt1) <manivela/volante> to turn2) (Com, Fin)a) <cheque/letra de cambio> to drawb) < dinero> to send; ( a través de un banco) to transfer3) (frml) < instrucciones> to give, to issue (frml)* * *= deflect, rotate, turn, whirl, twist, spin around, revolve, swing, swing back, wind, swivel, twirl, gyrate, spin.Ex. On deflecting one of these levers to the right he runs through the book before him, each page in turn being projected at a speed which just allows a recognizing glance at each.Ex. The computer creates a series of entries by rotating the component terms with which it has been provided.Ex. The brightness can be adjusted by turning the two knobs at the lower right of the screen.Ex. Visitors would laugh at the workman's jerking and whirling with the mould, but that was where the skill lay.Ex. The cheeks were braced from their tops to the ceiling, to prevent the press from twisting or shifting about in use.Ex. With considerable reluctance, he spun his chair around and was about to return to his papers when Preston Huish put his head into the room.Ex. This was the cylinder machine, which formed a web of paper not on an endless belt of woven wire but on a cylinder covered with wire mesh (looking like a large dandy roll) which revolved half-submerged in a vat of stuff.Ex. The article has the title 'The pendulum swings to the right: censorship in the eighties'.Ex. Matrix and mould were pivoted and were brought up to the nozzle of a metal pump for the moment of casting, and then swung back to eject the new-made letter.Ex. Bring the kite down by slowly winding the kite string around a kite spool.Ex. The light direction can be controlled by swivelling the reflector.Ex. A hula hoop is a toy hoop that is twirled around the waist, limbs, or neck.Ex. The women dance, stamping their feet, clapping and chanting while some of them gyrate their hips suggestively in the centre of the circle.Ex. In summary, the fluid in your ears still sloshing around causes you to feel dizzy when you stop spinning in one direction.----* argumento + girar en torno a = argument + revolve around.* cuestión + girar en torno a = question + revolve around.* discusión + girar en torno a = discussion + centre around.* girar 180 grados = move + 180 degrees.* girar al descubierto = overdraw.* girar alrededor de = spin about, orbit.* girar bruscamente = swerve.* girar en torno a = hinge on/upon, revolve around, circle around.* girar media vuelta = swing in + a half-circle.* girar sobre un pivote = pivot.* hacer girar = twiddle, twirl.* mundo + girar en torno a = enterprise + revolve on.* polémica + girar en torno a = controversy + revolve around.* problemas + girar en torno a = problems + turn on, problems + revolve around.* * *1.verbo intransitivo1)b) ( darse la vuelta) to turnc)girar en torno a algo — conversación/debate to revolve o center* around something; discurso to center* o focus on something
2) (torcer, desviarse) to turn2.girar vt1) <manivela/volante> to turn2) (Com, Fin)a) <cheque/letra de cambio> to drawb) < dinero> to send; ( a través de un banco) to transfer3) (frml) < instrucciones> to give, to issue (frml)* * *= deflect, rotate, turn, whirl, twist, spin around, revolve, swing, swing back, wind, swivel, twirl, gyrate, spin.Ex: On deflecting one of these levers to the right he runs through the book before him, each page in turn being projected at a speed which just allows a recognizing glance at each.
Ex: The computer creates a series of entries by rotating the component terms with which it has been provided.Ex: The brightness can be adjusted by turning the two knobs at the lower right of the screen.Ex: Visitors would laugh at the workman's jerking and whirling with the mould, but that was where the skill lay.Ex: The cheeks were braced from their tops to the ceiling, to prevent the press from twisting or shifting about in use.Ex: With considerable reluctance, he spun his chair around and was about to return to his papers when Preston Huish put his head into the room.Ex: This was the cylinder machine, which formed a web of paper not on an endless belt of woven wire but on a cylinder covered with wire mesh (looking like a large dandy roll) which revolved half-submerged in a vat of stuff.Ex: The article has the title 'The pendulum swings to the right: censorship in the eighties'.Ex: Matrix and mould were pivoted and were brought up to the nozzle of a metal pump for the moment of casting, and then swung back to eject the new-made letter.Ex: Bring the kite down by slowly winding the kite string around a kite spool.Ex: The light direction can be controlled by swivelling the reflector.Ex: A hula hoop is a toy hoop that is twirled around the waist, limbs, or neck.Ex: The women dance, stamping their feet, clapping and chanting while some of them gyrate their hips suggestively in the centre of the circle.Ex: In summary, the fluid in your ears still sloshing around causes you to feel dizzy when you stop spinning in one direction.* argumento + girar en torno a = argument + revolve around.* cuestión + girar en torno a = question + revolve around.* discusión + girar en torno a = discussion + centre around.* girar 180 grados = move + 180 degrees.* girar al descubierto = overdraw.* girar alrededor de = spin about, orbit.* girar bruscamente = swerve.* girar en torno a = hinge on/upon, revolve around, circle around.* girar media vuelta = swing in + a half-circle.* girar sobre un pivote = pivot.* hacer girar = twiddle, twirl.* mundo + girar en torno a = enterprise + revolve on.* polémica + girar en torno a = controversy + revolve around.* problemas + girar en torno a = problems + turn on, problems + revolve around.* * *girar [A1 ]viA1 «rueda» to turn, revolve, go around o round; «disco» to revolve, go around; «trompo» to spinla tierra gira alrededor del sol the earth revolves around the sunhizo girar la llave en la cerradura he turned the key in the lock2 (darse la vuelta) to turngiré para mirarla I turned (around) to look at hergiró sobre sus talones he turned on his heella puerta giró lentamente sobre sus goznes the door swung slowly on its hinges3 girar EN TORNO A algo «conversación/debate» to revolve o center* AROUND sth; «discurso» to center* o focus ON sthB (torcer, desviarse) to turnen la próxima esquina gire a la derecha take the next right, take the next turn o ( BrE) turning on the rightlo acusan de haber girado hacia posiciones demasiado conservadoras he is accused of having moved o shifted o swung toward(s) too conservative a stance■ girarvtA ‹manivela/volante› to turngiró la cabeza para mirarme he turned to look at me, he turned his head toward(s) mela anda girando de taxista he's making a living as a taxi driver1 ‹cheque/letra de cambio› to drawgiró varios cheques en descubierto he issued several checks without sufficient funds in the account to cover them, he kited several checks ( AmE)2 ‹dinero› to send; (a través de un banco) to transfer* * *
girar ( conjugate girar) verbo intransitivo
1
[ disco] to revolve, go around;
[ trompo] to spin;
girar alrededor de algo/algn to revolve around sth/sb
2 (torcer, desviarse) to turn;
verbo transitivo
1 ‹manivela/volante› to turn
2 (Com, Fin) ‹cheque/letra de cambio› to draw
girar
I verbo intransitivo
1 (unas aspas, un trompo, etc) to spin
2 (torcer, cambiar de dirección) girar a la derecha/izquierda, to turn right/left
3 (tratar) to revolve: la conversación giró en torno al tiempo, the conversation revolved around the weather
II verbo transitivo
1 (la cabeza, llave) to turn
2 Fin (dinero) to send by giro
(una letra de cambio) to draw
' girar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- doblar
- redonda
- redondo
- torcer
- virar
- volverse
- descubierto
- volver
English:
bear
- gyrate
- orbit
- pivot
- revolve
- rotate
- spin
- swing
- swivel
- turn
- turn round
- twirl
- twist
- twist round
- veer
- wheel
- whirl
- center
- draw
- hinge
- left
- pirouette
- right
- swirl
- twiddle
- wind
* * *♦ vi1. [doblar] to turn;el camino gira a la derecha the road turns to the right;el conductor giró a la izquierda the driver turned left o made a left turn2. [dar vueltas] to turn;[rápidamente] to spin;la Luna gira alrededor de la Tierra the Moon revolves o goes around the Earth;este coche gira muy bien this car has a tight turning circle3. [darse la vuelta] to turn (round);giré para verla mejor I turned round to see her betterel coloquio giró en torno a la pena de muerte the discussion dealt with the topic of the death penalty5. Com to remit payment;girar en descubierto to write a check without sufficient funds♦ vt1. [hacer dar vueltas a] to turn;giró la llave en la cerradura she turned the key in the lock;girar la cabeza to turn one's head2. Com to draw3. [dinero] to transfer, to remit* * *I v/igirar a la derecha/izquierda turn to the right/left; de coche, persona turn right/left, take a right/leftgirar en torno a algo fig revolve around sthII v/t COM transfer* * *girar vi1) : to turn around, to revolve2) : to swing around, to swivelgirar vt1) : to turn, to twist, to rotate2) : to draft (checks)3) : to transfer (funds)* * *girar vb1. (dar vueltas) to revolve / to go round2. (cambiar de dirección) to turn -
16 Roving Frame
This is one of the flyer frames. Usually it is fed with two intermediate bobbins for each spindle with a draft of 5 to 6. If the roving is to go direct to the spinning frame the hank or count of the roving is made suitable for the draft at the spinning frame to give the required counts in the spun yarn (see Flyer Frames) -
17 фильерная вытяжка
1) Engineering: jet draft, jet-stretching, spinning draft2) Textile: draw-down, drawdown, spin-stretch3) Polymers: jet drawing, jet stretch -
18 Drawing Frame
The function of this machine is to improve the uniformity of the carded sliver and arrange the fibres more nearly in parallel order. The machine has usually four lines of drawing rollers which operate with a draft of about six or slightly more, and have six card slivers fed to each delivery, so that roughly the drawn sliver is about the same thickness as the sliver fed to it. With three processes of drawing and a draft of six in each case 6 X 6 X 6 = 216 doublings are obtained. -
19 вытяжка на прядильной машине
Polymers: spinning draftУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > вытяжка на прядильной машине
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20 приёмная камера
1. inlet chamber2. с. -х. feed chamber
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